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Rhizopus Nigricans (rhizopus + nigrican)
Selected AbstractsNtKTI1, a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor with antifungal activity from Nicotiana tabacum, plays an important role in tobacco's defense responseFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 19 2010Hao Huang A cDNA library from tobacco inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani was constructed, and several cDNA fragments were identified by differential hybridization screening. One cDNA clone that was dramatically repressed, NtKTI1, was confirmed as a member of the Kunitz plant proteinase inhibitor family. RT-PCR analysis revealed that NtKTI1 was constitutively expressed throughout the whole plant and preferentially expressed in the roots and stems. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed that NtKTI1 expression was repressed after R. solani inoculation, mechanical wounding and salicylic acid treatment, but was unaffected by methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and NaCl treatment. In vitro assays showed that NtKTI1 exerted prominent antifungal activity towards R. solani and moderate antifungal activity against Rhizopus nigricans and Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Bioassays of transgenic tobacco demonstrated that overexpression of NtKTI1 enhanced significantly the resistance of tobacco against R. solani, and the antisense lines exhibited higher susceptibility than control lines towards the phytopathogen. Taken together, these studies suggest that NtKTI1 may be a functional Kunitz trypsin inhibitor with antifungal activity against several important phytopathogens in the tobacco defense response. [source] Utilization of essential oil as natural antifungal against nail-infective fungiFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Mamta Patra Abstract During antifungal screening of some essential oils, Foeniculum vulgare exhibited the strongest activity, completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of the nail-infective fungi, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and Scytalidium dimidiatum. The essential oil was found to be fungicidal at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 µl/ml concentrations. The oil was efficiently active against heavy doses of inoculum at minimum fungicidal concentrations. The fungicidal activity of the oil was found to be thermostable up to 80 °C, with no descramble decrease in activity after 48 months of storage. The oil also showed a broad fungitoxic spectrum, inhibiting the mycelial growth of other nail-infective fungi, viz. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger,A. ustus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. violaceum. Moreover, it did not exhibit any adverse effects on mammalian skin and nails up to 5% concentration. As such, the oil has a potential use as an effective herbal chemotherapeutic after undergoing successful clinical trials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Original article: Antifungal activities of cinnamon oil against Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum in vitro and in vivo fruit testINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Yage Xing Summary The postharvest pathogens such as R. nigricans, A. flavas and P. expansum are the causal agents of jujube or orange fruit, therefore, in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of cinnamon oil to inactivate these fungi were investigated. Cinnamaldehyde is the main constituent of cinnamon oil. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon oil against Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum were 0.64% (v/v), 0.16% (v/v) and 0.16% (v/v), respectively. The antifungal activity of cinnamon oil against A. flavus and P. expansum was stronger than that against R. nigricans and the activity was improved with increasing its concentration. In an in vivo study, cinnamon oil with concentrations of 2.0% (v/v) and 3.0% (v/v) showed complete control the growth of fungi in wound-inoculated Lingwu Long Jujube and Sand Sugar Orange fruits. These results revealed that cinnamon oil has a good potential to be as a natural antifungal agent for fruit applications. [source] | ||||||||||