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Literature Research (literature + research)
Selected AbstractsTrends in the prevalence of low birth weight in Okinawa, Japan: a public health perspectiveACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2009T Hokama Abstract Aim: To review the trends in low birth weight (LBW) in Japan and Okinawa and to discuss the public health implications of the trend. Methods: The statistical records of Japan and the Okinawa prefecture were reviewed to observe secular trends of LBW incidence rate and other health indicators. Literature researches were undertaken of English and Japanese language publications to complete the review. Results: The LBW rate in Japan declined until the 1970s, reaching a low point for the whole country in 1978,1979 when it was 5.2% (7.2% in Okinawa). In Okinawa the proportion of LBW declined from 8.1% in 1973 to 7.2 in 1978. Since 1980 the LBW rate has steadily increased to its current level of 9.3% in Japan and 10.9% in Okinawa. During this period, the prematurity rate has not increased and other indicators of child health have continued to improve. Conclusion: Japan is unique among developed countries in that the LBW rate has almost doubled in the past three decades and the rate in Okinawa is 20% greater than the mainland. The health costs of this trend include the neonatal care of LBW infants and the increased risk of chronic disease in later life. [source] Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Abstract ,, Trauma to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with permanent teeth. An appropriate emergency treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this third article out of three, the IADT Guidelines for the management of traumatic injuries in the primary dentition, are presented. [source] Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Abstract,,, Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most serious of all dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsion. Replantation is the treatment of choice, but cannot always be carried out immediately. An appropriate emergency management and treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this second article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of avulsed permanent teeth are presented. [source] Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Abstract,,, Crown fractures and luxations occur most frequently of all dental injuries. An appropriate treatment plan after an injury is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence, based on literature research and professional opinion. In this first article of three, the IADT Guidelines for management of fractures and luxations of permanent teeth will be presented. [source] Current Evidence on the Unit Equivalence of Different Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations and Recommendations for Clinical Practice in DermatologyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2009SYRUS KARSAI MD BACKGROUND The unit equivalence between the two main Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) preparations, Dysport (Ipsen Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK) and BOTOX (Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA), is a matter of discussion. The UK assay used to test Dysport is more sensitive than the U.S. assay used for BOTOX, resulting in a different efficacy per unit in both formulations. Ratios ranging from 6:1 to 1:1 can be found in the literature, but the more recently published literature suggests that 1 unit of BOTOX is equivalent to approximately 2 to 4 units of Dysport (ratio 2:1,4:1). OBJECTIVE Because the number of BoNTA treatments is constantly increasing, these differences warrant a systematic review of published evidence about the unit equivalence of UK and U.S. formulations. METHODS The review is based on a detailed literature research in all relevant databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, specialist textbooks). RESULTS The present review supports the recent assumption that dose ratios of less than 3:1 (e.g., 2.5:1 or even 2:1) between Dysport and BOTOX are probably more suitable. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is still insufficient, and further investigation of lower dose ratios is recommended. [source] Preparing Professionals to Face Ethical Challenges in Today's Workplace: Review of the Literature, Implications for PI, and a Proposed Research AgendaPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2004Deloise A. Frisque ABSTRACT Ethics is very much in the news today and on the minds of those who teach and/or train current and future professionals to work successfully in today's workplaces. While there seems to be agreement that organizations need to address the topic of ethics, there is also a concern about how best to proceed. Ethics and compliance offices, professional codes, ethics conferences, institutes, and centers, formal and informal ethics courses, and ethics hotlines are only some of the ways in which organizations have responded to the need for ethics preparedness. The diversity of our organizations and the global nature of our economy demands attention to multicultural/international issues as well. In this review, we examine the diverse body of literature research that explores teaching and training practices used to address ethical issues in corporations and institutions of higher education and include a special focus on multicultural environments. We discuss implications for PI professionals and propose a research agenda. [source] Interventions to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients: a systematic review of the literaturePSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Nienke van der Meulen Abstract This systematic review investigates which interventions are effective to improve recall of medical information in cancer patients. A literature research was done in PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed independently by two reviewers. The results were synthesized with a Best Evidence Synthesis. Of initially 5173 found publications, 10 met all selection criteria. The results indicate that an audiotape of the patients' own consultation has added value upon oral information only. However, providing patients with a general audiotape does not improve recall of information and might even inhibit patients' recall. Furthermore, there is scientific evidence, although limited, that the use of a question prompt sheet (QPS) has a positive effect on recall of information, provided that the physician actively endorses this sheet. No evidence was found for an effect of providing patients with a summary letter of the consultation on recall, although research on this subject is scarce. In conclusion, the review suggests that interventions that are tailored to the individual cancer patient, such as an audiotape of the consultation or a QPS, are most effective. Further research needs to be done to establish robust results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Facial transplantation as an option in reconstructive surgery: no mountains too high?ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2009Wojciech B, ogowski Abstract Background:, Human facial allotransplantation (FA) is a testament to the impressive progress, which was and is still happening in the field of transplantation medicine and reconstructive surgery. Like every pioneering treatment option, FA faces both the clinicians' and public opinion with a huge amount of medical and psychosocial dilemmas, which, in order to introduce FA as a scientifically and socially accepted procedure into clinical practice, need to be discussed, answered and solved. Methods:, This review is based on a detailed literature research in all relevant databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, specialist textbooks), however, recent papers (published between 2006 and 2008) were given highest priority for inclusion. Results:, In this review, two main limitations associated with facial tissue allotransplantation, that is, shortage of donations and life-long need for immunosuppressive treatment, are discussed and presented in both psychosocial and medical terms. Conclusion:, Although both of these limitations potentially could successfully inhibit the transformation of FA from an experimental therapy to the treatment of choice for patients with severe functional facial impairment, recent literature suggest that FA will find a meaningful place in facial reconstructive surgery. [source] | ||||||||||