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Direct Medical (direct + medical)

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Medical Sciences100%

Terms modified by Direct Medical

  • direct medical cost
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    Selected Abstracts

    The economics of coeliac disease: a population-based study

    ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2010
    K. H. Long
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 261,269 Summary Background, Despite increasing prevalence, the economic implications of coeliac disease are just emerging. Aims, To assess the impact of coeliac disease diagnosis on healthcare costs and the incremental costs associated with coeliac disease. Methods, Administrative data for a population-based cohort of coeliac disease cases and matched controls from Olmsted County, Minnesota were used to compare (i) direct medical costs 1 year pre- and post-coeliac disease diagnosis for 133 index cases and (ii) 4-year cumulative direct medical costs incurred by 153 index cases vs. 153 controls. Analyses exclude diagnostic-related and out-patient pharmaceutical costs. Results, Average total costs were reduced by $1764 in the year following diagnosis (pre-diagnosis cost of $5023 vs. $3259; 95% CI of difference: $688 to $2993). Over a 4-year period, coeliac disease cases experienced higher out-patient costs (mean difference of $1457; P = 0.016) and higher total costs than controls (mean difference of $3964; P = 0.053). Excess average total costs were concentrated among males with coeliac disease ($14 191 vs. $4019 for male controls; 95% CI of difference: $2334 to $20 309). Conclusions, Coeliac disease-associated costs indicate a significant economic burden of disease, particularly for diseased males. Diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease reduce medical costs of care suggesting an economic advantage to earlier detection and treatment. [source]

    Systematic review: the costs of ulcerative colitis in Western countries

    ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2010
    R. D. COHEN
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther,31, 693,707 Summary Background, Early onset and complications such as hospitalization and surgery contribute to the economic burden of ulcerative colitis. Aim, To review systematically the literature on costs of ulcerative colitis in Western countries. Methods, Studies estimating costs of ulcerative colitis in Western countries were identified using Medline, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science and were rated based on relevance and reliability of estimates. All costs were adjusted to 2008 currency values. A parallel review focused on the impact of disease severity on costs, hospitalizations and surgeries. Results, Estimated annual per-patient direct medical costs of ulcerative colitis ranged from $6217 to $11 477 in the United States and from ,8949 to ,10 395 in Europe. Hospitalizations accounted for 41,55% of direct medical costs. Indirect costs accounted for approximately one-third of total costs in the United States and 54,68% in Europe. Total economic burden of ulcerative colitis was estimated at $8.1,14.9 billion annually in the United States and at ,12.5,29.1 billion in Europe; total direct costs were $3.4,8.6 billion in the United States and ,5.4,12.6 billion in Europe. Direct costs, hospitalizations and surgeries increased with worsening disease severity. Conclusions, Ulcerative colitis is a costly disease. Hospitalizations contribute significantly to direct medical costs, and indirect costs are considerable, having previously been substantially underestimated. [source]

    Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication triple therapy vs. conventional therapy for ulcers in Japan

    ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 11 2001
    S. Ikeda
    Background: Helicobacter pylori eradication triple therapy with a combination of lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin was approved in Japan in September 2000. Aim: To compare the cost-effectiveness of this eradication therapy with conventional histamine-2 receptor antagonist therapy in Japan. Methods: We established two Markov models for gastric and duodenal ulcers. The model design was based on the Japanese H. pylori eradication guideline and a specialist's opinions, and the model inputs were obtained from a literature review. The models predict the direct medical costs, number of disease-free days and cost per disease-free day for 5 years. Results: In the gastric ulcer model, the expected total costs of eradication and conventional therapies per patient were ¥169 719 and ¥390 921, respectively; the expected numbers of disease-free days were 1454 days and 1313 days, respectively. In the duodenal ulcer model, the expected total costs were ¥134 786 and ¥324 689, respectively; the expected numbers of disease-free days were 1503 days and 1387 days, respectively. The sensitivity analyses showed that the results of the base case analysis were robust. Conclusions: This eradication therapy is less costly and more effective than conventional therapy for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers in a Japanese medical setting. [source]

    Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: 3-chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis , a GA2LEN study

    ALLERGY, Issue 4 2009
    C. Bachert
    Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common health care challenges, with significant direct medical costs and severe impact on lower airway disease and general health outcomes. The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) currently is based on clinical signs, nasal endoscopy and CT scanning, and therapeutic recommendations are focussing on 2 classes of drugs, corticosteroids and antibiotics. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and the factors amplifying mucosal inflammation therefore seems to be crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In an effort to extend knowledge in this area, the WP 2.7.2 of the GA2LEN network of excellence currently collects data and samples of 1000 CRS patients and 250 control subjects. The main objective of this project is to characterize patients with upper airway disease on the basis of clinical parameters, infectious agents, inflammatory mechanisms and remodeling processes. This collaborative research will result in better knowledge on patient phenotypes, pathomechanisms, and subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis. This review summarizes the state of the art on chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis in different aspects of the disease. It defines potential gaps in the current research, and points to future research perspectives and targets. [source]