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CCl4 Intoxication (ccl4 + intoxication)
Selected AbstractsFractal dimension can distinguish models and pharmacologic changes in liver fibrosis in ratsHEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Frédéric Moal Fractal analysis measures the complexity of geometric structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of fractal analysis in liver fibrosis. A total of 77 rats were included: 10 sham, 46 with fibrosis secondary to bile duct ligation (BDL), and 21 with fibrosis due to CCl4 intoxication. Measurements included the fractal dimension of Kolmogorov (Dk), histologic lesions, the area of fibrosis by image analysis, liver hydroxyproline content, messenger RNA fibronectin, serum hyaluronate level, and portal pressure. Fibrotic rats were given placebo, octreotide, or O2 -vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO). Intraobserver agreement of Dk was excellent with the intraclass (ic) correlation coefficient ric = 0.91 (P < .0001) as well as the interobserver agreement with ric = 0.88 (P < .001). Dk was correlated with other measurements or markers of fibrosis: the area of fibrosis (r = 0.75; P < .0001), hydroxyproline content (r = 0.51; P < .001), serum hyaluronate level (r = 0.52; P < .001), and portal pressure (r = 0.52; P < .01). Dk was significantly different between the 2 models of fibrosis (P < .0001), unlike the area of fibrosis, and this relationship was independent of other histologic lesions. The significant decrease in fibrosis observed with octreotide or V-PYRRO/NO was similarly reflected by Dk or the area of fibrosis. The diagnostic accuracy for the fibrosis model was 97% with the 5 main measurements or markers of fibrosis studied, with Dk isolated at the first step by stepwise analysis. In conclusion, fractal analysis is suitable for analyzing liver fibrosis and has excellent reproducibility. This is the only quantitative morphometric method that can discriminate among the models of fibrosis and is sensitive enough to detect pharmacologically induced changes in liver fibrosis. [source] Antioxidative effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate in CCl4-Induced liver injury in low-protein fed ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 11 2006C. Z. Nkosi Abstract The effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the plasma activity levels of catalase (CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in liver homogenates and lipid peroxidation (LPO-malondialdehyde-MDA) levels in liver homogenates and liver microsomal fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in low-protein fed Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were investigated. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a low-protein diet for 5 days were divided into three subgroups. Two subgroups were injected with carbon tetrachloride and the other group with an equivalent amount of olive oil. Two hours after CCl4 intoxication one of the two subgroups was administered with pumpkin seed protein isolate and thereafter switched onto a 20% pumpkin seed protein isolate diet. The other two groups of rats were maintained on the low-protein diet for the duration of the investigation. Groups of rats from the different subgroups were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after their respective treatments. After 5 days on the low-protein diet the activity levels of all the enzymes as well as antioxidant levels were significantly lower than their counterparts on a normal balanced diet. However, a low-protein diet resulted in significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation. The CCl4 intoxicated rats responded in a similar way, regarding all the variables investigated, to their counterparts on a low-protein diet. The administration of pumpkin seed protein isolate after CCl4 intoxication resulted in significantly increased levels of all the variables investigated, with the exception of the lipid peroxidation levels which were significantly decreased. From the results of the present study it is concluded that pumpkin seed protein isolate administration was effective in alleviating the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition and CCl4 intoxication. It is therefore apparent that pumpkin seed protein isolate has components that have antiperoxidative properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effect of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of certain plasma enzymes in CCl4 -induced liver injury in low-protein fed ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005C. Z. Nkosi Abstract The effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in low-protein fed rats were investigated. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a low-protein diet for 5 days were divided into three subgroups. Two subgroups were injected with carbon tetrachloride and the other group with an equivalent amount of olive oil. Two hours after CCl4 intoxication one of the two subgroups was administered with pumpkin seed protein isolate. All three subgroups of rats were maintained on the low-protein diet for the duration of the investigation. Groups of rats from the different subgroups were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after their respective treatments. After 5 days on the low-protein diet the activity levels of all four enzymes were significantly higher than their counterparts on a normal balanced diet. CCl4 intoxication resulted in significant increases in the activity levels of all four enzymes investigated. The administration of pumpkin seed protein isolate after CCl4 intoxication resulted in significantly reduced activity levels of all four enzymes. It is concluded that pumpkin seed protein isolate administration was effective in alleviating the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The hepatoprotective effects of Limonium sinense against carbon tetrachloride and , -D-galactosamine intoxication in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2003Shang-Shing Chaung Abstract In the present study, the hepatoprotective action of Limonium sinense (Plumbaginaceae) was evident after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and , -D-galactosamine (D-GalN), respectively, challenge in rats. The plant materials were divided into two parts: (1) the roots extracted with water (WRE) and (2) the leaves extracted with methanol and fractionated with chloroform (CLE). Both WRE and CLE were extremely ,avonoid-enriched extracts. In an CCl4 -induced acute liver damage study, pretreatment with WRE at 300 mg/kg i.p. and CLE at 100 mg/kg i.p. signi,cantly reduced the amino-transaminases levels of SGOT (p < 0.01) and SGPT (p < 0.01) previously increased by CCl4 intoxication. In D-GalN-induced acute liver damage study, administration of WRE (300 and 500 mg/kg) or CLE (100 mg/kg) p.o. also signi,cantly reduced the SGOT (p < 0.01) and SGPT (p < 0.01) levels previously increased by D-GalN intoxication. Furthermore, the serum triglyceride level was increased after pretreatment with WRE or CLE previously reduced by D-GalN intoxication. All of the liver function pro,les were con,rmed to have improvement of liver lesion in histopathological obsvervation. In an acute toxicity test on ICR mice, the LD50 of WRE was 777.6 mg/kg i.p. An in vitro study showed that CLE possessed a more potent cytotoxicity to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) (EC50 = 43.1 µg/mL) than the other organic fractions, which were fractionated from methanol extracts of the leaves of L. sinense. The present results conclude that L. sinense possesses a hepatoprotective ef,cacy, and is relatively safe in rats. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effects of Embelin on Lipid Peroxidation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity against Liver Damage in RatsBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Dharmendra Singh Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment to rats has been more susceptible to peroxidative damage through production of reactive metabolites, namely trichloromethyl-free radicals (CCl?3 and/or CCl3OO?) as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive species. After the induction of liver damage by CCl4 intoxication to rats, the concentration of lipid peroxidation was significantly (P , 0.001) higher in liver and serum, along with concomitant decrease in the levels of antioxidants and cytochrome P450 enzyme in liver as compared to vehicle controls. The activities of marker enzymes , transaminases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ,-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , along with the total bilirubin and total protein levels were altered significantly (P , 0.001) in the serum of CCl4 -treated rats. When these rats received embelin orally (25 mg/kg) from day 1 to day 15, peroxidative damage was minimal in both liver and serum along with effectively inducing the antioxidant potential in CCl4 -treated rats. The biochemical results were compared with the standard drug silymarin , a combination of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum and histology of liver sections. In conclusion, this study suggests that embelin acts as a natural antioxidant against hepatotoxicity induced in rats. [source] | ||||||||||